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Research · S&P 500 · Information Technology
The numbers, the scorecard and what analysts say, with the source for each. Information, not advice.
Price · last 3 months · daily close
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Daily closing prices via yfinance. Quotes are delayed. Past prices are not a guarantee of future results.
Value Scorecard · run 2026-10-18
Earnings & returns
Diluted EPS: $7.44 (2022), $8.11 (2023), $8.61 (2024), $8.66 (2025). It rose every year; the framework scores that as 5.
ROE (net income / common equity): 53.5% (2022), 41.9% (2023), 37.8% (2024), 34.3% (2025). Median 39.9%, lowest 34.3%; the framework scores a median above 20% as 5.
ROIC of 29.3%: operating income of $8.29B divided by $28.30B of capital (total assets $36.30B minus current liabilities $8.00B), fiscal year to Oct 26, 2025, as filed in the 10-K (SEC EDGAR). The framework scores above 20% as 5.
Net margin of 30.1%; the framework scores above 20% as 5; gross margin 49.4%, operating margin 33.7%.
Balance sheet & cash
Net cash: total debt $7.35B, total cash $9.23B. The framework scores a net cash position as 5.
Free cash flow (operating cash flow minus capital expenditure): $4.61B (2022), $7.59B (2023), $7.49B (2024), $5.70B (2025). It ended above 2022 but did not rise in 2 of 3 years; the framework scores that as 3.
Retained earnings, as filed in the 10-Ks (SEC EDGAR): $37.89B (2022), $43.73B (2023), $49.65B (2024), $55.23B (2025). It rose every year; the framework scores that as 5.
Valuation models
IV = EPS x (8.5 + 2g) x (4.4 / Y) = $11.59 x (8.5 + 2 x 3.3) x (4.4 / 4.5) = $171.12. Current price $409.29; price is 139.2% above the model value.
FCF/share = $3.875, stage 1 growth = 3.4% for 5 years, terminal growth = 3%, discount rate = 10%. Stage 1 PV = $16.16, PV of terminal value = $41.85, DCF value = $58.00. Current price $409.29; price is 605.6% above the model value.
Graham value $171.12 (price is 139.2% above the model value); DCF value $58.00 (price is 605.6% above the model value).
P/B of 12.68; the framework scores above 5.0 as 1.
Business quality
A moat (a brand, a network, switching costs, patents, scale, a licence) is not a number in the filings, so Valerius doesn’t score it. Below are the figures and the words moat analysis starts from, from the company’s own 10-K filings. The conclusion is yours.
Return on capital, each year
Above 15% in 10 of 10 years (2016-2025); lowest 19.7%, highest 40.3%.
Gross margin, each year
Between 41.7% and 48.7% over 10 years (a range of 7.0 points).
Competition, in the company’s own words · 10-K filed Dec 12, 2025
The industries in which we operate are highly competitive and characterized by rapid technological change. Our ability to compete generally depends on our ability to commercialize our technology in a timely manner, continually improve our products, and develop new products that meet constantly evolving customer requirements. Significant competitive factors include technical capability and differentiation, productivity, cost-effectiveness and the ability to support a global customer base. The importance of these factors varies according to customers’ needs, including product mix and respective product requirements, applications, and the timing and circumstances of purchasing decisions. Substantial competition exists across all the segments of our business. Competitors range from small companies that compete in a single region, which may benefit from policies and regulations that favor domestic companies, to global, diversified companies, which operate in more complex global economic and regulatory environments. We could see increased competition from domestic equipment manufacturers in China resulting from local government incentives and funding as well as export controls established by the United States government to restrict the sale of certain technologies to customers in China. Export controls enacted by the United States government that restrict the sale of certain technologies to customers in China may also provide an advantage to our international competitors.
The opening of the company’s “Competition” section in its 10-K, quoted word for word, not summarized or edited. It is the company’s own description, not Valerius’s view, and may include the company’s expectations. Open the filing.
Return on capital = operating income / (total assets − current liabilities), the ROIC row’s definition; 15% is the framework’s return threshold. Gross margin = gross profit / revenue. Both from each year’s 10-K via SEC EDGAR. Moat analysis commonly looks at whether returns and margins held up over many years. These figures don’t say whether the company has an advantage, what it is, or whether it will last.
Capital allocation, 2022-2025: dividends or buybacks paid in every year (pass); $21.43B paid out against $25.39B of free cash flow (pass); total debt $5.83B to $7.05B, up 20.9%, 0.7x EBITDA (pass: at most 2x EBITDA); shares outstanding 0.84B to 0.79B, down 6.0% (pass). 4 of 4 tests passed; the framework scores that as 5.
Filings
Three kinds of event the company reported to the SEC in the last 5 years, from its filings on SEC EDGAR.
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These are events the company reported to the SEC. An auditor change or a late filing can have many causes; each date links to the filing, where the company explains it. Valerius does not score these.
Graham Formula:
IV = EPS x (8.5 + 2g) x (4.4 / Y)
EPS = $11.59, g = 3.3%, Y = 4.5
IV = $171.12
Current price $409.29 vs Graham value $171.12 — price is 139.2% above the model value.
DCF:
FCF/share = $3.875
Stage 1 growth = 3.4% for 5 years | terminal growth = 3.0% | discount rate = 10.0%
Y1: $4.007 → PV $3.643
Y2: $4.143 → PV $3.424
Y3: $4.284 → PV $3.219
Y4: $4.430 → PV $3.026
Y5: $4.580 → PV $2.844
Stage 1 PV sum = $16.16
Terminal value at end of Y5 = $67.40
PV of terminal value = $41.85
DCF value = $58.00
Current price $409.29 vs DCF value $58.00 — price is 605.6% above the model value.Data from yfinance summary figures and financial statements, and from the company’s 10-K filings via SEC EDGAR; computed at a price of $409.29. Every score is calculated from the figures by the framework’s fixed rules, and the explanation beside it is generated from the same figures: Graham value, DCF value, margin of safety, ROIC, profit margins, debt-to-equity, price-to-book, EPS trend, ROE trend, free cash flow, retained earnings and capital allocation. No AI is involved in this scorecard. The moat is shown as evidence, without a score. Read each score with the figures beside it. Intrinsic value calculations are model outputs based on stated assumptions, not predictions.
Recent headlines · third-party publishers · not investment advice
The 8 newest headlines whose title names the company, shown automatically and never chosen by Valerius. From third-party publishers via Yahoo Finance, linked to the source. Valerius doesn't write or endorse them. Not investment advice.