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Research · S&P 500 · Financials
The numbers, the scorecard and what analysts say, with the source for each. Information, not advice.
Price · last 3 months · daily close
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Value Scorecard · run 2026-10-18
11 of the 12 checks that carry a score were scored from the data available. 1 could not be scored (ROIC) and was left out, so the score is out of 55 instead of 60. The label uses the same share of the available points as for a full scorecard. The moat is shown as evidence from the filings, without a score.
Earnings & returns
Diluted EPS: $0.87 (2022), $2.42 (2023), $2.04 (2024), $1.70 (2025). It ended above 2022 but did not rise in 2 of 3 years; the framework scores that as 3.
ROE (net income / common equity): -17.3% (2022), -6.3% (2023), -16.0% (2024), -21.4% (2025). Median -16.7%, lowest -21.4%; the framework scores a median 5% or less as 1.
ROIC not available: the 10-K financial data filed with the SEC has no standard operating income figure (or pre-tax income and interest expense), total assets and current liabilities for the same fiscal year.
Net margin of 12.1%; the framework scores 10-20% as 4; gross margin 100.0%, operating margin 9.5%.
Balance sheet & cash
Debt-to-equity of 1.72; the framework scores 1.5-2.5 as 2 (total debt $14.87B, total cash $1.85B).
Free cash flow (operating cash flow minus capital expenditure): -$769.91M (2022), -$300.44M (2023), $2.70B (2024), $3.19B (2025). It rose every year; the framework scores that as 5.
Retained earnings, as filed in the 10-Ks (SEC EDGAR): -$369.48M (2022), -$495.08M (2023), -$837.29M (2024), -$1.45B (2025). The latest balance is negative (an accumulated deficit); the framework scores that as 1.
Valuation models
IV = EPS x (8.5 + 2g) x (4.4 / Y) = $2.17 x (8.5 + 2 x 0.0) x (4.4 / 4.5) = $18.04 (EPS CAGR -16.2% floored at 0%; the formula returns a negative value below -4.25% growth). Current price $112.27; price is 522.5% above the model value.
FCF/share = $9.643, stage 1 growth = 20.0% (revenue CAGR 24.2% capped at 20%) for 5 years, terminal growth = 3%, discount rate = 10%. Stage 1 PV = $63.07, PV of terminal value = $219.24, DCF value = $282.31. Current price $112.27; price is 60.2% below the model value.
Graham value $18.04 (price is 522.5% above the model value); DCF value $282.31 (price is 60.2% below the model value).
P/B of 10.18; the framework scores above 5.0 as 1.
Business quality
A moat (a brand, a network, switching costs, patents, scale, a licence) is not a number in the filings, so Valerius doesn’t score it. Below are the figures and the words moat analysis starts from, from the company’s own 10-K filings. The conclusion is yours.
Return on capital, each year
Not available: the 10-K financial data has no standard figures for operating income, total assets and current liabilities in the same years, as is common for banks, insurers and REITs.
Gross margin, each year
Not reported: the filings don’t state a gross profit or cost of revenue figure, as is common for oil and gas companies, banks and insurers.
Competition, in the company’s own words · 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026
The investment management industry is intensely competitive, and we expect it to remain so. We compete globally and on a regional, industry and asset basis. We face competition both in the pursuit of fund investors and investment opportunities. Generally, our competition varies across business lines, geographies and financial markets. We compete for outside investors based on a variety of factors, including investment performance, investor perception of investment managers’ drive, focus and alignment of interest, quality of service provided to and duration of relationship with investors, breadth of our product offering, business reputation and the level of fees and expenses charged for services. We compete for investment opportunities both at our funds and for strategic acquisitions by us based on a variety of factors, including breadth of market coverage and relationships, access to capital, transaction execution skills, the range of products and services offered, innovation and price. We face competition in our direct lending, trading, acquisitions and other investment activities primarily from traditional asset managers, business development companies, specialized funds, investment managers and other financial institutions, and we expect that competition will continue to increase. Many of these competitors in some of our businesses are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than are available to us.
The opening of the company’s “Competition” section in its 10-K, quoted word for word, not summarized or edited. It is the company’s own description, not Valerius’s view, and may include the company’s expectations. Open the filing.
Return on capital = operating income / (total assets − current liabilities), the ROIC row’s definition; 15% is the framework’s return threshold. Gross margin = gross profit / revenue. Both from each year’s 10-K via SEC EDGAR. Moat analysis commonly looks at whether returns and margins held up over many years. These figures don’t say whether the company has an advantage, what it is, or whether it will last.
Capital allocation, 2022-2025: dividends or buybacks paid in every year (pass); $4.93B paid out against $4.82B of free cash flow (fail: paid out more than free cash flow); total debt $13.33B to $14.22B, up 6.7%, 6.2x EBITDA (pass: not up more than 10%); shares outstanding 0.18B to 0.22B, up 25.1% (fail: up more than 2%). 2 of 4 tests passed; the framework scores that as 3.
Filings
Three kinds of event the company reported to the SEC in the last 5 years, from its filings on SEC EDGAR.
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These are events the company reported to the SEC. An auditor change or a late filing can have many causes; each date links to the filing, where the company explains it. Valerius does not score these.
Graham Formula:
IV = EPS x (8.5 + 2g) x (4.4 / Y)
EPS = $2.17, g = 0.0%, Y = 4.5
g floored at 0.0% (3-year EPS CAGR was -16.2%; below -4.25% the formula returns a negative value)
IV = $18.04
Current price $112.27 vs Graham value $18.04 — price is 522.5% above the model value.
DCF:
FCF/share = $9.643
Stage 1 growth = 20.0% for 5 years | terminal growth = 3.0% | discount rate = 10.0%
Stage 1 g capped at 20.0% (3-year revenue CAGR was 24.2%)
Y1: $11.572 → PV $10.520
Y2: $13.887 → PV $11.476
Y3: $16.664 → PV $12.520
Y4: $19.997 → PV $13.658
Y5: $23.996 → PV $14.900
Stage 1 PV sum = $63.07
Terminal value at end of Y5 = $353.08
PV of terminal value = $219.24
DCF value = $282.31
Current price $112.27 vs DCF value $282.31 — price is 60.2% below the model value.Data from yfinance summary figures and financial statements, and from the company’s 10-K filings via SEC EDGAR; computed at a price of $112.27. Every score is calculated from the figures by the framework’s fixed rules, and the explanation beside it is generated from the same figures: Graham value, DCF value, margin of safety, ROIC, profit margins, debt-to-equity, price-to-book, EPS trend, ROE trend, free cash flow, retained earnings and capital allocation. No AI is involved in this scorecard. The moat is shown as evidence, without a score. Read each score with the figures beside it. A check that cannot be scored from the available data is shown as not scored and left out of the composite score. Intrinsic value calculations are model outputs based on stated assumptions, not predictions.
Recent headlines · third-party publishers · not investment advice
The 8 newest headlines whose title names the company, shown automatically and never chosen by Valerius. From third-party publishers via Yahoo Finance, linked to the source. Valerius doesn't write or endorse them. Not investment advice.