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GS · Goldman Sachs
The numbers, the scorecard and what analysts say, with the source for each. Information, not advice.
Value Scorecard · run 2026-10-18
13 value checks: 12 scored 1 to 5 where the data allows, plus moat evidence
34/40
high value score8 of 12 checks scored8 of the 12 checks that carry a score were scored from the data available. 4 could not be scored (ROIC, Free Cash Flow, DCF Value, Margin of Safety) and were left out, so the score is out of 40 instead of 60. The label uses the same share of the available points as for a full scorecard. The moat is shown as evidence from the filings, without a score.
Earnings & returns
EPS Trend
4/5Diluted EPS: $30.06 (2022), $22.87 (2023), $40.54 (2024), $51.32 (2025). It rose every year but one and ended above 2022; the framework scores that as 4.
ROE Trend
3/5ROE (net income / common equity): 10.1% (2022), 7.5% (2023), 12.4% (2024), 14.8% (2025). Median 11.3%, lowest 7.5%; the framework scores a median 10-15% as 3.
ROIC
Not scoredROIC not available: the 10-K financial data filed with the SEC has no standard operating income figure (or pre-tax income and interest expense), total assets and current liabilities for the same fiscal year.
Profit Margins
5/5Net margin of 31.2%; the framework scores above 20% as 5; gross margin 81.3%, operating margin 38.2%.
Balance sheet & cash
Debt-to-Equity
5/5Net cash: total debt $839.00B, total cash $1009.00B. The framework scores a net cash position as 5.
Free Cash Flow
Not scoredNot scored for banks and broker-dealers: their operating cash flow moves with trading assets, securities and loans held for sale, so free cash flow is not a meaningful measure of the business.
Retained Earnings
5/5Retained earnings, as filed in the 10-Ks (SEC EDGAR): $139.37B (2022), $143.69B (2023), $153.41B (2024), $165.29B (2025). It rose every year; the framework scores that as 5.
Valuation models
Graham IV
5/5IV = EPS x (8.5 + 2g) x (4.4 / Y) = $69.55 x (8.5 + 2 x 20.0) x (4.4 / 4.5) = $3,298.22 (EPS CAGR 49.8% capped at 20%). Current price $881.26; price is 73.3% below the model value.
DCF Value
Not scoredFree cash flow or share count is not available from the data source, so no DCF value is computed.
Margin of Safety
Not scoredNeeds both a Graham value and a DCF value. Graham value $3,298.22 (price is 73.3% below the model value); DCF value N/A (not comparable).
Price-to-Book
3/5P/B of 2.37; the framework scores 1.5-3.0 as 3.
Business quality
Moat Evidence
Not scoredA moat (a brand, a network, switching costs, patents, scale, a licence) is not a number in the filings, so Valerius doesn’t score it. Below are the figures and the words moat analysis starts from, from the company’s own 10-K filings. The conclusion is yours.
Return on capital, each year
Not available: the 10-K financial data has no standard figures for operating income, total assets and current liabilities in the same years, as is common for banks, insurers and REITs.
Gross margin, each year
Not reported: the filings don’t state a gross profit or cost of revenue figure, as is common for oil and gas companies, banks and insurers.
Competition, in the company’s own words · 10-K filed Feb 25, 2026
The financial services industry and all of our businesses are intensely competitive, and we expect them to remain so. Our competitors provide investment banking, market-making and asset management services, private banking and lending and other wealth advisory services, commercial lending, credit cards, transaction banking, deposit-taking and other banking products and services, and make investments in securities, commodities, derivatives, real estate, loans and other financial assets. Our competitors include brokers and dealers, investment banking firms, commercial banks, credit card issuers, insurance companies, investment advisers, mutual funds, hedge funds, private equity funds, private credit funds, merchant banks and financial technology and other internet-based companies. Some of our competitors operate globally and others regionally, and we compete based on a number of factors, including transaction execution, client experience, products and services, innovation, reputation and price.
The opening of the company’s “Competition” section in its 10-K, quoted word for word, not summarized or edited. It is the company’s own description, not Valerius’s view, and may include the company’s expectations. Open the filing.
Return on capital = operating income / (total assets − current liabilities), the ROIC row’s definition; 15% is the framework’s return threshold. Gross margin = gross profit / revenue. Both from each year’s 10-K via SEC EDGAR. Moat analysis commonly looks at whether returns and margins held up over many years. These figures don’t say whether the company has an advantage, what it is, or whether it will last.
Capital Allocation
4/5Capital allocation, 2022-2025: dividends or buybacks paid in every year (pass); $50.50B paid out against $48.50B of net income (fail: paid out more than net income); debt not tested for banks and broker-dealers; shares outstanding 0.33B to 0.30B, down 11.5% (pass). 2 of 3 tests passed; the framework scores that as 4.
Filings
Company notices to the SEC
Not scoredThree kinds of event the company reported to the SEC in the last 5 years, from its filings on SEC EDGAR.
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These are events the company reported to the SEC. An auditor change or a late filing can have many causes; each date links to the filing, where the company explains it. Valerius does not score these.
How the Graham and DCF values were calculated
Graham Formula:
IV = EPS x (8.5 + 2g) x (4.4 / Y)
EPS = $69.55, g = 20.0%, Y = 4.5
g capped at 20.0% (3-year EPS CAGR was 49.8%)
IV = $3,298.22
Current price $881.26 vs Graham value $3,298.22 — price is 73.3% below the model value.
DCF:
Free cash flow or share count not available from the data source — no value computed.Data from yfinance summary figures and financial statements, and from the company’s 10-K filings via SEC EDGAR; computed at a price of $881.26. Every score is calculated from the figures by the framework’s fixed rules, and the explanation beside it is generated from the same figures: Graham value, DCF value, margin of safety, ROIC, profit margins, debt-to-equity, price-to-book, EPS trend, ROE trend, free cash flow, retained earnings and capital allocation. No AI is involved in this scorecard. The moat is shown as evidence, without a score. Read each score with the figures beside it. A check that cannot be scored from the available data is shown as not scored and left out of the composite score. Intrinsic value calculations are model outputs based on stated assumptions, not predictions.
Recent headlines · third-party publishers · not investment advice
In the news
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The 8 newest headlines whose title names the company, shown automatically and never chosen by Valerius. From third-party publishers via Yahoo Finance, linked to the source. Valerius doesn't write or endorse them. Not investment advice.