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Research · S&P 500 · Health Care
The numbers, the scorecard and what analysts say, with the source for each. Information, not advice.
Price · last 3 months · daily close
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Daily closing prices via yfinance. Quotes are delayed. Past prices are not a guarantee of future results.
Value Scorecard · run 2026-10-18
Earnings & returns
Diluted EPS: $5.72 (2022), $7.29 (2023), $7.49 (2024), $7.84 (2025). It rose every year; the framework scores that as 5.
ROE (net income / common equity): 18.9% (2022), 22.2% (2023), 22.6% (2024), 20.9% (2025). Median 21.6%, lowest 18.9%; the framework scores a median above 20% as 5.
ROIC of 10.1%: operating income of $2.18B divided by $21.61B of capital (total assets $29.94B minus current liabilities $8.34B), fiscal year to Dec 31, 2025, as filed in the 10-K (SEC EDGAR). The framework scores 10-15% as 3.
Net margin of 8.1%; the framework scores 5-10% as 3; gross margin 33.0%, operating margin 13.0%.
Balance sheet & cash
Debt-to-equity of 2.58; the framework scores above 2.5 as 1 (total debt $16.25B, total cash $2.08B).
Free cash flow (operating cash flow minus capital expenditure): $1.59B (2022), $1.50B (2023), $2.11B (2024), $2.05B (2025). It ended above 2022 but did not rise in 2 of 3 years; the framework scores that as 3.
Retained earnings, as filed in the 10-Ks (SEC EDGAR): $3.33B (2022), $4.69B (2023), $6.07B (2024), $7.42B (2025). It rose every year; the framework scores that as 5.
Valuation models
IV = EPS x (8.5 + 2g) x (4.4 / Y) = $8.05 x (8.5 + 2 x 3.7) x (4.4 / 4.5) = $125.15. Current price $266.90; price is 113.3% above the model value.
FCF/share = $13.060, stage 1 growth = 4.3% for 5 years, terminal growth = 3%, discount rate = 10%. Stage 1 PV = $55.83, PV of terminal value = $147.28, DCF value = $203.11. Current price $266.90; price is 31.4% above the model value.
Graham value $125.15 (price is 113.3% above the model value); DCF value $203.11 (price is 31.4% above the model value).
P/B of 7.12; the framework scores above 5.0 as 1.
Business quality
A moat (a brand, a network, switching costs, patents, scale, a licence) is not a number in the filings, so Valerius doesn’t score it. Below are the figures and the words moat analysis starts from, from the company’s own 10-K filings. The conclusion is yours.
Return on capital, each year
Above 15% in 0 of 10 years (2016-2025); lowest 3.1%, highest 11.0%.
Gross margin, each year
Not reported: the filings don’t state a gross profit or cost of revenue figure, as is common for oil and gas companies, banks and insurers.
Competition, in the company’s own words · 10-K filed Feb 17, 2026
Our Technology & Analytics Solutions business competes with a broad and diverse set of businesses. While we believe no competitor provides the combination of geographical reach and breadth of our services, we generally compete in the countries in which we operate with other information, analytics, technology, services and consulting companies, as well as with the in-house capabilities of our clients. Also, we compete with certain government agencies, private payers and other healthcare stakeholders that provide their data directly to others. In addition to country-by-country competition, we have a number of regional and global competitors in the marketplace as well. Our offerings compete with various firms, including Accenture, Aetion (a Datavant company), Panalgo (a Norstella company), Cognizant Technology Solutions, Deloitte, Pharmaceutical Product Development, Inc. (part of Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.), Relx, IBM, Infosys, Oracle Health, McKinsey, NielsenIQ, Optum Insight (part of UnitedHealth Group), Parexel International Corporation, Press Ganey, RTI Health Solutions, ICON plc, Definitive Healthcare, Cegedim, Tempus, Merative, CompuGroup Medical, Medidata (Part of Dassault Systèmes), Clarivate, Veeva, and ZS Associates. We also compete with a broad range of new entrants and start-ups that are looking to bring new technologies and business models to healthcare information services and technology services.
The opening of the company’s “Our Competition” section in its 10-K, quoted word for word, not summarized or edited. It is the company’s own description, not Valerius’s view, and may include the company’s expectations. Open the filing.
Return on capital = operating income / (total assets − current liabilities), the ROIC row’s definition; 15% is the framework’s return threshold. Gross margin = gross profit / revenue. Both from each year’s 10-K via SEC EDGAR. Moat analysis commonly looks at whether returns and margins held up over many years. These figures don’t say whether the company has an advantage, what it is, or whether it will last.
Capital allocation, 2022-2025: dividends or buybacks paid in every year (pass); $4.75B paid out against $7.25B of free cash flow (pass); total debt $12.44B to $14.16B, up 13.8%, 4.1x EBITDA (fail: up more than 10% and above 2x EBITDA); shares outstanding 0.19B to 0.17B, down 8.7% (pass). 3 of 4 tests passed; the framework scores that as 4.
Filings
Three kinds of event the company reported to the SEC in the last 5 years, from its filings on SEC EDGAR.
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These are events the company reported to the SEC. An auditor change or a late filing can have many causes; each date links to the filing, where the company explains it. Valerius does not score these.
Graham Formula:
IV = EPS x (8.5 + 2g) x (4.4 / Y)
EPS = $8.05, g = 3.7%, Y = 4.5
IV = $125.15
Current price $266.90 vs Graham value $125.15 — price is 113.3% above the model value.
DCF:
FCF/share = $13.060
Stage 1 growth = 4.3% for 5 years | terminal growth = 3.0% | discount rate = 10.0%
Y1: $13.622 → PV $12.384
Y2: $14.208 → PV $11.742
Y3: $14.819 → PV $11.134
Y4: $15.456 → PV $10.557
Y5: $16.121 → PV $10.010
Stage 1 PV sum = $55.83
Terminal value at end of Y5 = $237.20
PV of terminal value = $147.28
DCF value = $203.11
Current price $266.90 vs DCF value $203.11 — price is 31.4% above the model value.Data from yfinance summary figures and financial statements, and from the company’s 10-K filings via SEC EDGAR; computed at a price of $266.90. Every score is calculated from the figures by the framework’s fixed rules, and the explanation beside it is generated from the same figures: Graham value, DCF value, margin of safety, ROIC, profit margins, debt-to-equity, price-to-book, EPS trend, ROE trend, free cash flow, retained earnings and capital allocation. No AI is involved in this scorecard. The moat is shown as evidence, without a score. Read each score with the figures beside it. Intrinsic value calculations are model outputs based on stated assumptions, not predictions.
Recent headlines · third-party publishers · not investment advice
The 8 newest headlines whose title names the company, shown automatically and never chosen by Valerius. From third-party publishers via Yahoo Finance, linked to the source. Valerius doesn't write or endorse them. Not investment advice.