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Research · S&P 500 · Financials
JPM · JPMorgan Chase
The numbers, the scorecard and what analysts say, with the source for each. Information, not advice.
Value Scorecard · Bank version · run 2026-10-18
13 value checks for banks: 12 scored 1 to 5 where the data allows, plus moat evidence
45/50
high value score10 of 12 checks scoredBanks are scored with three bank measures in place of ROIC, Debt-to-Equity and Free Cash Flow, which don’t fit a bank: a bank borrows, mostly through deposits, in order to lend, so debt-to-equity describes its business model more than its risk, and its cash flow moves with its lending and securities. Compare a bank’s score with other banks’ scores, not with non-banks’: three of its checks are different.
10 of the 12 checks that carry a score were scored from the data available. 2 could not be scored (DCF Value, Margin of Safety) and were left out, so the score is out of 50 instead of 60. The label uses the same share of the available points as for a full scorecard. The moat is shown as evidence from the filings, without a score.
Earnings & returns
EPS Trend
5/5Diluted EPS: $12.09 (2022), $16.23 (2023), $19.75 (2024), $20.02 (2025). It rose every year; the framework scores that as 5.
ROE Trend
4/5ROE (net income / common equity): 13.5% (2022), 15.9% (2023), 17.5% (2024), 16.3% (2025). Median 16.1%, lowest 13.5%; the framework scores a median 15-20% as 4.
Return on Assets Bank measure
5/5Return on assets (net income / total assets): 1.03% (2022), 1.28% (2023), 1.46% (2024), 1.29% (2025), as filed in the 10-Ks (SEC EDGAR). Median 1.28%, lowest 1.03%; the framework scores a median above 1.2% as 5.
Efficiency Ratio Bank measure
5/5Efficiency ratio (noninterest expense / (net interest income + noninterest income)): 59.2% (2022), 55.1% (2023), 51.7% (2024), 52.4% (2025), as filed in the 10-Ks (SEC EDGAR). Median 53.8%; a lower ratio means less cost for each dollar of revenue. The framework scores a median below 55% as 5.
Profit Margins
5/5Net margin of 34.6%; the framework scores above 20% as 5; operating margin 42.6%.
Balance sheet & cash
Equity to Assets Bank measure
3/5Equity to assets of 8.2%: shareholders' equity of $362.44B against total assets of $4424.90B at Dec 31, 2025, as filed in the 10-K (SEC EDGAR). The framework scores 8-9% as 3.
Retained Earnings
5/5Retained earnings, as filed in the 10-Ks (SEC EDGAR): $296.46B (2022), $332.90B (2023), $376.17B (2024), $416.06B (2025). It rose every year; the framework scores that as 5.
Valuation models
Graham IV
5/5IV = EPS x (8.5 + 2g) x (4.4 / Y) = $23.84 x (8.5 + 2 x 11.1) x (4.4 / 4.5) = $715.62. Current price $339.72; price is 52.5% below the model value.
DCF Value
Not scoredFree cash flow or share count is not available from the data source, so no DCF value is computed.
Margin of Safety
Not scoredNeeds both a Graham value and a DCF value. Graham value $715.62 (price is 52.5% below the model value); DCF value N/A (not comparable).
Price-to-Book
3/5P/B of 2.57; the framework scores 1.5-3.0 as 3.
Business quality
Moat Evidence
Not scoredA moat (a brand, a network, switching costs, patents, scale, a licence) is not a number in the filings, so Valerius doesn’t score it. Below are the figures and the words moat analysis starts from, from the company’s own 10-K filings. The conclusion is yours.
Return on capital, each year
Not available: the 10-K financial data has no standard figures for operating income, total assets and current liabilities in the same years, as is common for banks, insurers and REITs.
Gross margin, each year
Not reported: the filings don’t state a gross profit or cost of revenue figure, as is common for oil and gas companies, banks and insurers.
Competition, in the company’s own words · 10-K filed Feb 13, 2026
JPMorganChase and its subsidiaries and affiliates operate in highly competitive environments. Competitors include other banks, brokerage firms, investment banking companies, merchant banks, hedge funds, commodity trading companies, private equity firms, insurance companies, mutual fund companies, investment managers, credit card companies, mortgage banking companies, trust companies, securities processing companies, automobile financing companies, leasing companies, e-commerce and other internet-based companies, digital asset and other financial technology companies, and other companies engaged in providing similar and new products and services. The Firm’s businesses generally compete on the basis of the quality and variety of the Firm’s products and services, transaction execution, innovation, reputation and price. Competition also varies based on the types of clients, customers, industries and geographies served. With respect to some of its geographies and products, JPMorganChase competes globally; with respect to others, the Firm competes on a national or regional basis. New competitors in the financial services industry continue to emerge, including firms that offer products and services solely through the internet and non-financial companies that offer products and services that disintermediate traditional banking products and services offered by financial services firms such as JPMorganChase.
The opening of the company’s “Competition” section in its 10-K, quoted word for word, not summarized or edited. It is the company’s own description, not Valerius’s view, and may include the company’s expectations. Open the filing.
Return on capital = operating income / (total assets − current liabilities), the ROIC row’s definition; 15% is the framework’s return threshold. Gross margin = gross profit / revenue. Both from each year’s 10-K via SEC EDGAR. Moat analysis commonly looks at whether returns and margins held up over many years. These figures don’t say whether the company has an advantage, what it is, or whether it will last.
Capital Allocation
5/5Capital allocation, 2022-2025: dividends or buybacks paid in every year (pass); $142.12B paid out against $196.20B of net income (pass); debt not tested for banks and broker-dealers; shares outstanding 2.93B to 2.70B, down 8.1% (pass). 3 of 3 tests passed; the framework scores that as 5.
Filings
Company notices to the SEC
Not scoredThree kinds of event the company reported to the SEC in the last 5 years, from its filings on SEC EDGAR.
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These are events the company reported to the SEC. An auditor change or a late filing can have many causes; each date links to the filing, where the company explains it. Valerius does not score these.
How the Graham and DCF values were calculated
Graham Formula:
IV = EPS x (8.5 + 2g) x (4.4 / Y)
EPS = $23.84, g = 11.1%, Y = 4.5
IV = $715.62
Current price $339.72 vs Graham value $715.62 — price is 52.5% below the model value.
DCF:
Free cash flow or share count not available from the data source — no value computed.Data from yfinance summary figures and financial statements, and from the company’s 10-K filings via SEC EDGAR; computed at a price of $339.72. Every score is calculated from the figures by the framework’s fixed rules, and the explanation beside it is generated from the same figures: Graham value, DCF value, margin of safety, return on assets, efficiency ratio, equity to assets, profit margins, price-to-book, EPS trend, ROE trend, retained earnings and capital allocation (the bank version). No AI is involved in this scorecard. The moat is shown as evidence, without a score. Read each score with the figures beside it. A check that cannot be scored from the available data is shown as not scored and left out of the composite score. Intrinsic value calculations are model outputs based on stated assumptions, not predictions.
Recent headlines · third-party publishers · not investment advice
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The 8 newest headlines whose title names the company, shown automatically and never chosen by Valerius. From third-party publishers via Yahoo Finance, linked to the source. Valerius doesn't write or endorse them. Not investment advice.