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Research · S&P 500 · Information Technology
The numbers, the scorecard and what analysts say, with the source for each. Information, not advice.
Price · last 3 months · daily close
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Daily closing prices via yfinance. Quotes are delayed. Past prices are not a guarantee of future results.
Value Scorecard · run 2026-10-18
Earnings & returns
Diluted EPS: $7.93 (2022), $9.93 (2023), $9.23 (2024), $12.75 (2025). It rose every year but one and ended above 2022; the framework scores that as 4.
ROE (net income / common equity): 1175.0% (2022), 236.0% (2023), 92.6% (2024), 89.4% (2025). Median 164.3%, lowest 89.4%; the framework scores a median above 20% as 5.
ROIC of 22.4%: operating income of $2.99B divided by $13.31B of capital (total assets $19.39B minus current liabilities $6.08B), fiscal year to Dec 31, 2025, as filed in the 10-K (SEC EDGAR). The framework scores above 20% as 5.
Net margin of 17.4%; the framework scores 10-20% as 4; gross margin 52.1%, operating margin 27.4%.
Balance sheet & cash
Debt-to-equity of 3.58; the framework scores above 2.5 as 1 (total debt $9.62B, total cash $710.00M).
Free cash flow (operating cash flow minus capital expenditure): $1.57B (2022), $1.79B (2023), $2.13B (2024), $2.57B (2025). It rose every year; the framework scores that as 5.
Retained earnings, as filed in the 10-Ks (SEC EDGAR): $1.34B (2022), $1.64B (2023), $2.30B (2024), $2.55B (2025). It rose every year; the framework scores that as 5.
Valuation models
IV = EPS x (8.5 + 2g) x (4.4 / Y) = $12.70 x (8.5 + 2 x 13.3) x (4.4 / 4.5) = $435.86. Current price $463.15; price is 6.3% above the model value.
FCF/share = $11.958, stage 1 growth = 8.2% for 5 years, terminal growth = 3%, discount rate = 10%. Stage 1 PV = $56.92, PV of terminal value = $162.02, DCF value = $218.94. Current price $463.15; price is 111.5% above the model value.
Graham value $435.86 (price is 6.3% above the model value); DCF value $218.94 (price is 111.5% above the model value).
P/B of 28.69; the framework scores above 5.0 as 1.
Business quality
A moat (a brand, a network, switching costs, patents, scale, a licence) is not a number in the filings, so Valerius doesn’t score it. Below are the figures and the words moat analysis starts from, from the company’s own 10-K filings. The conclusion is yours.
Return on capital, each year
Above 15% in 10 of 10 years (2016-2025); lowest 18.1%, highest 30.2%.
Gross margin, each year
Between 46.4% and 51.7% over 10 years (a range of 5.3 points).
Competition, in the company’s own words · 10-K filed Feb 12, 2026
We operate in highly competitive markets that are sensitive to technological advances. Competitive factors in these markets include product quality and reliability, technological capabilities, cost-effectiveness and industry experience. In operating in these competitive markets, we have broadened how we work with our customers, expanding from our LMR focus to include an integrated suite of physical security solutions via our Video and Command Center capabilities, complemented by our MANET solutions. The interplay of technologies, guided by our deep knowledge of public safety, government, including defense, and enterprise workflows, delivers customers one connected system to unify their critical communications, video security, access control, data, and analytics streams. We experience widespread competition from a growing number of existing and new competitors. Our major competitors within our MCN, Video and Command Center technologies include the following companies:
The opening of the company’s “Competition” section in its 10-K, quoted word for word, not summarized or edited. It is the company’s own description, not Valerius’s view, and may include the company’s expectations. Open the filing.
Return on capital = operating income / (total assets − current liabilities), the ROIC row’s definition; 15% is the framework’s return threshold. Gross margin = gross profit / revenue. Both from each year’s 10-K via SEC EDGAR. Moat analysis commonly looks at whether returns and margins held up over many years. These figures don’t say whether the company has an advantage, what it is, or whether it will last.
Capital allocation, 2022-2025: dividends or buybacks paid in every year (pass); $5.54B paid out against $8.06B of free cash flow (pass); total debt $6.55B to $9.77B, up 49.1%, 2.7x EBITDA (fail: up more than 10% and above 2x EBITDA); shares outstanding 0.17B to 0.17B, down 1.1% (pass). 3 of 4 tests passed; the framework scores that as 4.
Filings
Three kinds of event the company reported to the SEC in the last 5 years, from its filings on SEC EDGAR.
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These are events the company reported to the SEC. An auditor change or a late filing can have many causes; each date links to the filing, where the company explains it. Valerius does not score these.
Graham Formula:
IV = EPS x (8.5 + 2g) x (4.4 / Y)
EPS = $12.70, g = 13.3%, Y = 4.5
IV = $435.86
Current price $463.15 vs Graham value $435.86 — price is 6.3% above the model value.
DCF:
FCF/share = $11.958
Stage 1 growth = 8.2% for 5 years | terminal growth = 3.0% | discount rate = 10.0%
Y1: $12.939 → PV $11.762
Y2: $14.000 → PV $11.570
Y3: $15.148 → PV $11.381
Y4: $16.390 → PV $11.194
Y5: $17.734 → PV $11.011
Stage 1 PV sum = $56.92
Terminal value at end of Y5 = $260.94
PV of terminal value = $162.02
DCF value = $218.94
Current price $463.15 vs DCF value $218.94 — price is 111.5% above the model value.Data from yfinance summary figures and financial statements, and from the company’s 10-K filings via SEC EDGAR; computed at a price of $463.15. Every score is calculated from the figures by the framework’s fixed rules, and the explanation beside it is generated from the same figures: Graham value, DCF value, margin of safety, ROIC, profit margins, debt-to-equity, price-to-book, EPS trend, ROE trend, free cash flow, retained earnings and capital allocation. No AI is involved in this scorecard. The moat is shown as evidence, without a score. Read each score with the figures beside it. Intrinsic value calculations are model outputs based on stated assumptions, not predictions.
Recent headlines · third-party publishers · not investment advice
The 8 newest headlines whose title names the company, shown automatically and never chosen by Valerius. From third-party publishers via Yahoo Finance, linked to the source. Valerius doesn't write or endorse them. Not investment advice.