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ValeriusBeta - Not investment advice
Research · S&P 500 · Industrials
The numbers, the scorecard and what analysts say, with the source for each. Information, not advice.
Price · last 3 months · daily close
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Daily closing prices via yfinance. Quotes are delayed. Past prices are not a guarantee of future results.
Value Scorecard · run 2026-10-18
Earnings & returns
Diluted EPS: $7.48 (2022), $8.77 (2023), $11.24 (2024), $12.98 (2025). It rose every year; the framework scores that as 5.
ROE (net income / common equity): 28.8% (2022), 28.9% (2023), 34.4% (2024), 34.0% (2025). Median 31.5%, lowest 28.8%; the framework scores a median above 20% as 5.
ROIC of 26.2%: operating income of $3.97B divided by $15.13B of capital (total assets $21.42B minus current liabilities $6.29B), fiscal year to Dec 31, 2025, as filed in the 10-K (SEC EDGAR). The framework scores above 20% as 5.
Net margin of 13.3%; the framework scores 10-20% as 4; gross margin 35.4%, operating margin 19.3%.
Balance sheet & cash
Debt-to-equity of 0.53; the framework scores 0.3-0.8 as 4 (total debt $4.62B, total cash $1.32B).
Free cash flow (operating cash flow minus capital expenditure): $1.21B (2022), $2.09B (2023), $2.77B (2024), $2.81B (2025). It rose every year; the framework scores that as 5.
Retained earnings, as filed in the 10-Ks (SEC EDGAR): $8.32B (2022), $9.13B (2023), $9.79B (2024), $10.42B (2025). It rose every year; the framework scores that as 5.
Valuation models
IV = EPS x (8.5 + 2g) x (4.4 / Y) = $13.42 x (8.5 + 2 x 20.0) x (4.4 / 4.5) = $636.41 (EPS CAGR 21.7% capped at 20%). Current price $458.89; price is 27.9% below the model value.
FCF/share = $14.188, stage 1 growth = 9.8% for 5 years, terminal growth = 3%, discount rate = 10%. Stage 1 PV = $70.55, PV of terminal value = $206.88, DCF value = $277.43. Current price $458.89; price is 65.4% above the model value.
Graham value $636.41 (price is 27.9% below the model value); DCF value $277.43 (price is 65.4% above the model value).
P/B of 11.72; the framework scores above 5.0 as 1.
Business quality
A moat (a brand, a network, switching costs, patents, scale, a licence) is not a number in the filings, so Valerius doesn’t score it. Below are the figures and the words moat analysis starts from, from the company’s own 10-K filings. The conclusion is yours.
Return on capital, each year
Above 15% in 5 of 10 years (2016-2025); lowest 10.9%, highest 26.2%.
Gross margin, each year
Between 30.5% and 31.1% over 5 years (a range of 0.6 points).
Competition, in the company’s own words · 10-K filed Feb 5, 2026
Our products and services are sold in highly competitive markets throughout the world. Due to the diversity of these products and services and the variety of markets served, we encounter a wide variety of competitors that vary by product line and services. They include well-established regional or specialized competitors, as well as larger U.S. and non-U.S. corporations or divisions of larger companies. The principal methods of competition in these markets relate to price, quality, delivery, service and support, technology and innovation. We are one of the leading manufacturers in the world of HVAC systems and services and transport temperature control products and services.
The opening of the company’s “Competitive Conditions” section in its 10-K, quoted word for word, not summarized or edited. It is the company’s own description, not Valerius’s view, and may include the company’s expectations. Open the filing.
Return on capital = operating income / (total assets − current liabilities), the ROIC row’s definition; 15% is the framework’s return threshold. Gross margin = gross profit / revenue. Both from each year’s 10-K via SEC EDGAR. Moat analysis commonly looks at whether returns and margins held up over many years. These figures don’t say whether the company has an advantage, what it is, or whether it will last.
Capital allocation, 2022-2025: dividends or buybacks paid in every year (pass); $7.53B paid out against $8.89B of free cash flow (pass); total debt $4.84B to $4.62B, down 4.6%, 1.1x EBITDA (pass: not up more than 10%); shares outstanding 0.23B to 0.22B, down 3.2% (pass). 4 of 4 tests passed; the framework scores that as 5.
Filings
Three kinds of event the company reported to the SEC in the last 5 years, from its filings on SEC EDGAR.
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These are events the company reported to the SEC. An auditor change or a late filing can have many causes; each date links to the filing, where the company explains it. Valerius does not score these.
Graham Formula:
IV = EPS x (8.5 + 2g) x (4.4 / Y)
EPS = $13.42, g = 20.0%, Y = 4.5
g capped at 20.0% (3-year EPS CAGR was 21.7%)
IV = $636.41
Current price $458.89 vs Graham value $636.41 — price is 27.9% below the model value.
DCF:
FCF/share = $14.188
Stage 1 growth = 9.8% for 5 years | terminal growth = 3.0% | discount rate = 10.0%
Y1: $15.578 → PV $14.162
Y2: $17.105 → PV $14.136
Y3: $18.781 → PV $14.111
Y4: $20.622 → PV $14.085
Y5: $22.643 → PV $14.059
Stage 1 PV sum = $70.55
Terminal value at end of Y5 = $333.17
PV of terminal value = $206.88
DCF value = $277.43
Current price $458.89 vs DCF value $277.43 — price is 65.4% above the model value.Data from yfinance summary figures and financial statements, and from the company’s 10-K filings via SEC EDGAR; computed at a price of $458.89. Every score is calculated from the figures by the framework’s fixed rules, and the explanation beside it is generated from the same figures: Graham value, DCF value, margin of safety, ROIC, profit margins, debt-to-equity, price-to-book, EPS trend, ROE trend, free cash flow, retained earnings and capital allocation. No AI is involved in this scorecard. The moat is shown as evidence, without a score. Read each score with the figures beside it. Intrinsic value calculations are model outputs based on stated assumptions, not predictions.
Recent headlines · third-party publishers · not investment advice
The 8 newest headlines whose title names the company, shown automatically and never chosen by Valerius. From third-party publishers via Yahoo Finance, linked to the source. Valerius doesn't write or endorse them. Not investment advice.